Christianity And Homosexuality The Way Of Thinking

Similar to the ancient Greeks’ way of thinking, homosexuality in Christianity was considered taboo because of the way the homosexual acts (specifically sodomy) were considered to degrade one partner to the status of a female. An encyclopedia article in the Encyclopedia of Gender and Society, titled â€Å"Christianity and Homosexuality†, talks about how the way a person interprets the different lessons of the Bible can influence how they view homosexuality. Using the historical-critical way of reading the text, you put the reading into its historical context, taking into consideration what was happening at the time, what the words would have meant in that time and so on. The article argues that â€Å"the complexity of the issue is often over-simplified either because of an inadequate appreciation for the diversity of positions promulgated about homosexuality among Christian denominations today or because of long-held cultural taboos and religious biases about the root à ¢â‚¬Ëœcauses’ of homosexuality†(O’Brien). I somewhat agree with the article when it talks about how it is assumed that Christianity is automatically against homosexuality. I think that Christianity hadn’t really thought out its view on homosexuality until it started to become a widespread issue in society, but at the same time, they are inherently homophobic, starting with Adam and Eve and their heterosexual relationship. I also believe that, while the article doesn’t mention it, one of the â€Å"religious biases about the rootShow MoreRelatedMartins Argument On Homosexuality1526 Words   |  7 PagesIn recent years, Dale Martin has pioneered the idea that Paul did not, in fact, condemn the practice of homosexuality. Martin argues that Paul was too defamiliarized with the notion of â€Å"homosexuality† to pass a judgement on it. Thus, the apostle was neither supporting it, condemning it, or even taking a neutral stance on it. Paul was, acc ording to Martin, completely oblivious to the concept. While Martin’s case is admittedly compelling, I would assert two major flaws in his argument. TraditionallyRead MoreWhy Homosexuality Is Not Just An Issue960 Words   |  4 PagesReview Introduction. In People to be Loved-Why Homosexuality is not Just an Issue, Preston Sprinkle goes into an in depth discussion about homosexuality and how it is not just about being an issue and sin, homosexuality is about the treatment of the people. The tone of this book is conversational, making the understanding of the issues at hand much easier to comprehend. Summary. In People to be Loved, Sprinkle wrestles with the ideas of homosexuality in the Bible, as well as, reflecting us backRead MoreEssay about Sexual Orientation1077 Words   |  5 Pagesorientation is considered highly controversial in our world today. There are many issues that society is faced with concerning homosexuality. When thinking of homosexuality most people refer to the Bible for an answer. There is even more controversy within the Bible’s text. Not only is there reference to the Bible, but also to our mind to answer whether or not homosexuality is a moral issue. Psychological and Biological research is searching for an answer to this illustrious area of confusion. AccordingRead MoreEssay about Religion Should Be Banned781 Words   |  4 Pagesor shall I say millions have died over the years over such conflicts. All these conflicts were caused by one common factor: RELIGION. The website www.dictionary.com defines Religion as being norms, values, or a way of life to an individual or community. A spiritual guide that governs the way a person lives from day to day by giving that person hope, belief, and reason to exist in this world. As world renowned journalist James Haught said â€Å"Religion is supposed to be a source of kindness and brotherhoodRead MoreThe Issue Of Gay Marriages1028 Words   |  5 Pagescouple. She did not issue because she did not believe that homosexuality should be accepted in society. Many people agreed to the act but others opposed. There are many ways to look at homosexuality and here are three different sociological perspectives of how gay marriage is recognized. The perspectives are structural functionalism, symbo lic interactionism, and conflict theory. From the perspective of structural- functionalist, Christianity has been the religion that our founding fathers startedRead MoreHuman Sexuality And Sexual Orientation1544 Words   |  7 Pagessexual orientation. In cultures and societies today, as well as in the past, there is usually an emphasis on a specific orientation as a norm, and typically heterosexuality is perceived as such. This in turn generates a wide range of reaction to homosexuality, from its being seen as â€Å"unnatural† in moral terms, to ideas of it as threatening the stability of a culture. In recent years, however, new perspectives are emerging which strongly support that sexual orientation is by no means so easily definedRead MoreMacklemore s Same Love: The Breakdown816 Words   |  3 Pagesand Mary Lambert wrote this song together. It is a part of a partnership with the Music for Marriage Equality campaign. It drives home topics about hetero and homosexuality, and overall acceptance. Listening to thi s song made me realize that I, myself, have common views with the three talents that put it together. Same feelings on Christianity, marriage equality, and life basically. â€Å"Same Love† starts out with a personal experience that started at youth. It talks about how Macklemore thought thatRead MoreHomosexuality Is Genetic Or Merely A Learning Process?1697 Words   |  7 PagesThe topic of â€Å"homosexuality† in a political view attracts my interest because of the importance, in which it has in are government, people, and society we live in. People often argue of what is right and what is wrong, and for many years â€Å"homosexuality† has been a quite topic until recent years, and the argument wither homosexuality is genetic or simply a learning process? This is what brings a lot of attention to the media, scientist, and professors to keep trying to learn this different life styleRead MoreSexual Identity1409 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve this. I was skeptical about what I was taught, and usually examined the actions of others to base my own decisions. I listened to the experiences and opinions of others who had waited to have s ex or had sex before marriage. I used critical thinking when making my decisions, but was always cautious about drawing any kind of conclusions on what was right or wrong. I also considered the alternative, not having sex. I have to be honest, everyone else was having sex and I wanted to experience forRead MoreThe Changes Brought On The Catholic Church1575 Words   |  7 Pagessometimes feared by other religious groups around the globe. Though lately, there seems to be promise being brought to the Catholic religion. The election of the 266th pope, Pope Francis, has ushered in extensive change for both Catholicism and the way it is perceived by non-Catholics. These reforms of the current pope, although many are controversial, drive the public to believe the church is becoming more open-minded and less austere in its manner. Jorge Mario Bergoglio was born on December 17,

Janes Roles in Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte - 871 Words

The novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte is a very interesting book. It has many different interesting characters that all play many different roles in Jane’s life which are all important. Jane has over came every obstacle in her life some harder than others but she’s faced them all the same way. She’s a very strong young woman and has learned a lot through rough times. Jane rough times began when she was just a little girl and an orphan. After her parents died and she was left to be taken cared for by her uncle, but after he got sick and died all of that changed. When he passed away she still lived with her uncle’s wife and their kids. When Jane’s uncle died his last word to his wife was to make sure that she took care of Jane and that she would be alright. Mrs. Reeds and her children made a very big impact on Jane’s life in Gateshead. They abused her, tormented her and treating her like she was nothing because to them that’s exactly what they thought of her. No one cared for her there she was just a low class citizen with no parents and no one to love her. Living with a family who doesn’t like you or care about you one bit is something she had to live with for a long time. Her life in Gateshead made her a stronger person I believe, because after going through all of the things they put her through there she still didn’t mistreat them at all. She was a better person then all of her family. Another person that made Jane a stronger person is Mr. Broockelhurst and herShow MoreRelatedCharlotte Bronte ´s Jane Eyre: A Victorian Criticism737 Words   |  3 Pages such as its rigid social class structure, mistreatment of the poor, and strict gender roles. Victorian authors, such as Charles Dickens, Matthew Arnold, George Elliot, and the Bronte sisters criticized these injustices in their works. Charlotte Bronte, who lived during the Victorian Era, wrote about the society’s injustices in her nov els Jane Eyre, Shirley, and The Professor. The novel Jane Eyre is Charlotte Bronte’s response to the injustices of the Victorian Era. One major injustice of the VictorianRead MoreFeminism in Jane Eyre and the wide sargasso sea Essay1061 Words   |  5 PagesLadan Abdullahi Feminism in Jane eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea A patriarchal society is a world in which men are the sole decision makers and hold positions of power and the highest authority. Patriarchy occurs when men are dominant, not necessarily in numbers but in their status related to decision making and power. As a result, women are introduced to a world made by men, and a history refined by a mans actions. In jean Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea, the author focuses on the history of Bertha, oneRead MoreThe Exposure of Feminist Critique in 19th Century Literature: a Look at Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre1749 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent causes and comes in many forms; it may be made verbal, explicit, implicit, physical, and even made humorous or satirical. Charlotte Brontà «, a 19th century Victorian feminist wrote her novel Jane Eyre as a means of exposing the confining environments, shameful lack of education, and pitiful dependence upon male relatives for survival (Brackett, 2000). Charlotte Brontà « used literature as a means of feminist cultural resistance by identifying the underlying factors of how the Victorian ideologiesRead MoreHow Charlotte Bronte Creates Sympathy for Jane in the First Two Chapters of the Novel1423 Words   |  6 PagesHow Charlotte Bronte Creates Sympathy for Jane in the First Two Chapters of the Novel Charlotte Brontes novel Jane Eyre (1848) is a story is about a ten year old orphan girl called Jane Eyre. Her circumstances are as follows; when both of her parents died within a year of her birth, leaving her into the care of her Aunt, Mrs Reed. Mrs Reed is a widow of Janes uncle, who broke her promise to late husband by mistreating Jane cruelly. Then Jane is also bullied by here threeRead MoreArchetypes In Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre And Oedipus Rex913 Words   |  4 Pagesculture. Archetypes are portrayed through symbols, themes, or characters that rise out of a universal pattern. The novel Jane Eyre and the play Oedipus Rex use the symbol of nature to give the reader a further understanding of the characters and the story. In Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte uses the archetypical symbol of nature in order to indirectly convey the feelings and future of Jane Eyre; similarly, this same archetype appears in Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex as well because nature expresses the appalling choicesRead MoreEssay about Finding the Balance of Love and Freedom in Jane Eyre1339 Words   |  6 Pagesfeministic novels of its time, Jane Eyre purely emerges as a story focused on the quest for love. The novel’s protagonist, Jane, searches not only for the romantic side of love, but ultimately for a sense of self-worth and independence. Set in the overlapping times of the Victorian and Gothic periods, the novel touches upon both women’s supposed rights, and their inner struggle for liberty. Orphaned at an early age, Jane was born into a modest lifestyle, without any major parent roles to guide her throughRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1714 Words   |  7 Pages Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brà ¶nte voiced the radical opinions of Brà ¶nte on religion, gender, and social class. Jane Eyre, a young orphan who lived with her vituperative aunt and cousins, strayed away from the Victorian ideals of a woman and established a new status for herself. Jane Eyre was originally written in 1827 and was heavily influenced by the late gothic literature of the 19th century. Gothic literary aspects such as supernatural occurrences, mysteries and dark secrets, madness and dangerRead MoreEssay Role of Faith in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre708 Words   |  3 PagesThe Role of Faith in Jane Eyre      Ã‚  Ã‚   In Jane Eyre, Charlotte Brontes inspirational novel, religion is embraced through a series of spiritual explorations. Bronte portrays Janes character and zest for religion by revealing Janes transitions from Gateshead to Lowood, Lowood to Thornfield, and Thornfield to Moor House. Each location plays a significant role in the development of Janes perspective on religion. Jane struggles to acquire true faith in God, which will help her overcome theRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1186 Words   |  5 Pages The nineteenth-century novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte is considered to be a gothic novel. Gothic literature took place mostly in England from 1790 to 1830, falling into the category of Romantic literature. The Gothic takes its roots from previous horrifying writing that extends back to the Middle Ages and can still be found in writings today by many authors including Charlotte Bronte. The strong description of horror, abuse, and gruesomeness in Gothic no vels reveals truths to readers throughRead MoreJane Eyre Essay1323 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I am no bird; and no net ensnares me; I am a free human being with an independent will.† (Bronte, Jane Eyre). This quote expresses Charlotte’s beliefs on women’s equalities. Charlotte Bronte was born in 1816. She was one of six children and lived in Yorkshire County England. She first worked as a governess in the Sidewick family then in the White family for only nine months. Charlotte wanted more for herself, and none of her jobs satisfied her ambitions. When she moved back home, she discovered

Reasearch Proposal Free Essays

TABLE OF CONTENT I: CHAPTER ONE 1. 0 Introduction 2. 1 Background of the study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Reasearch Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. 2. 2 Problem statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 2. 3 Statement of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 2. 4 Objective of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 2. 5 Significance of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 2. 6 Research Question†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 2. 7 Hypothesis of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 2. 8 Limitation of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 2. 9 Delimitation of the study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 II: CHAPTER TWO . 0 Literature Review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 III: CHAPTER THREE 3. 0 Research Methodology 4. 10 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 4. 11 Sample Size†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 4. 12 Data Collection, Methods And Instrument†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 IV: CHAPTER FOUR 4. 0 Data analysis or Presentation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 4. 1 Time and Findings Interpretation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 V: CHAPTER FIVE 5. 0 Summary 6. 13 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 6. 14 Recommendation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6. 15 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 6. 16 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 CHAPTER ONE 1. 0. INTRODUCTION. This research work intends to make an investigation on poor performance in Mathematics Subject and the factors leading to poor performance of form four students in Kimala secondary school which is the community school. This study will also evaluate the per formance of Kimala secondary school form four National exam results of two years as of 2011 and 2012. 2. 1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MATHEMATICS PERFOMANCE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN TANZANIA PARTICULARLY KIMALA SECONDARY SCHOOL. Mathematics is compulsory subject in Tanzania but it is the using in scientist matter in Tanzania and it is used as a major of instruction from secondary schools to tertiary level. All official and legal documents are written appreciate the Mathematics subject as the best in refresh brain and to make somebody to calculate each and every thing in mathematics methods. Mathematics was introduced in Tanzania by the British during the colonial era. . 2. PROBLEM STATEMENT The topic to be investigated in this study is the performance of Mathematics subject in form four National examinations in Kimala secondary school. 1. 2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The researcher wants to make an evaluation on the performance of Mathematics subject in form four National examinations in Kimala secondary school. 1. 3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. 4. GENERAL OBJECTIVE To evaluate the form four s tudents’ Mathematics performance in National examinations. 1. 5. SPECIFIC OJECTIVE .To investigate how Mathematics subject is performed in National examinations by Kimala secondary school, form four students. .To examine and evaluate the Mathematics performance in form four National examinations of two years in Kimala secondary school. 1. 5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The research will help to improve Mathematics Subject and academic performance in Kimala secondary school. 1. 6. ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY This research proposal consists of three (3) chapters. The first chapter will help the researcher to discover the causes of poor Mathematics performance of form four students in Kimala secondary school. Chapter two will be about other researchers’ findings. Chapter three will talk about research methods which will be used in this research work. HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY 1. May be the lack of text book 2. May be the shortage of the can be the factor that affects the performance of form four students in Kimala secondary school 3. May be undisciplined of the students. DEFINITION OF TERMS. 1. 7. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY The researcher faced some problems during research proposal writing as follows; Lack of enough funds for typing, printing and binding this research proposal. a. DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY. Researcher has tried to type, print and bind this proposal by using his pocket money. CHAPTER TWO 1. LITERATURE REVIEW. This chapter will provide a range of reviewed literature which will be relevant to the study which will speculate school environment in relation to performance of mathematics subject in Kimala secondary school. THE LACK OF TEACHING AND LEARNING MATERIALS AFFECT MATHEMATICS PERFORMANCE. Anderson, B (1990:2) stated that, â€Å"Kilimanjaro region success in education sector is made possible by the donor who funded school teaching materials like mathematics books. Though Kilimanjaro region became the second after Dar-es-Salaam. † some schools in Kilimanjaro including Kimala secondary school receive support from world food program, international fund for agriculture development and other organizations which all together helps to feed schools and most students even those who are found among secondary schools in Kilimanjaro do not turn back home until they use evening time for studies. Mwendapole (2009:4) Reported that, â€Å"half of the students who attempted leaving certificate examination failed the Mathematics subject, as the minister for educational and vocation training announced publicly through radio and television. † The minister’s report showed that most students performed poorly in Mathematics subject. This was the indication that there is lack of teaching and learning facilities like Mathematics books, Mathematics teaching aids like manila and others. According to Ahiakwo, M. J (1989:295-6), A Crisis in the school of some countries is being caused by irrelevant curricula, in adequately trained teachers, lack of teaching materials such as Mathematics text books which are designed for use in teaching as whole or part of particular study course, reference books which are designed for use in teaching as whole or part of particular study course, reference books which contain collected information. Wickliffe N. J (1997:181) Said, drawings combine the features of both picture and charts in that they represent something that is real and at the same time, do so in form of summary, drawings are symbolized summaries of the real earth and it is important to remember this, for symbolism is code and children need to be taught to reach such codes. This significance of objects is depicting the whole situation of lacking in English teaching in secondary schools in Tanzania. CHAPTER THREE 2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The research design was used especially cross section research design where the information for study was collected on time in which both question for students ad interview for the head of the school and academic matter were used. The researcher was able to access many people so that he made genuine interpretation and generalization to other subject by using this research design. Also the researcher was able to spend few hours to complete the whole process of collecting data by using survey research. 3. 1. INTRODUCTION The researcher will use the questionnaires method which includes both open and closed questions and the observation method whereby he will visit Kilimanjaro secondary school. The targeted population will be considered 3. 2. SAMPLE SIZE: TARGETED POPULATION For successful research in Kimala secondary school likewise the researcher decides to use the sample size of 50% from Kimala secondary school. Researcher intends to provide the questionnaires to 50% of the respondents The researcher will use both probability sampling and non probability sampling to collect information whereby each and every element will have equal chance of be selected. Probability sampling gives every member of the population equal opportunity of being included in the study. The researcher will use simple random sampling because it has no complexities involved. 3. 3. DATA COLLECTION METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS The researcher decides to use questionnaire methods, and actual observation in collecting information. A. QUESTIONNAIRE METHOD A Questionnaire consists of planned questions related to the topic in order to gather information required to accomplish the research work. 3. 4. DATA COLLECTION The researcher will use questionnaire to get information from the respondents. 3. 5. DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION This study is aimed at analyzing the factors and reasons causing poor academic performance of form four students mathematics examinations. Researcher will use tables, pie charts, columns, bars and line charts to analyze and interpret the data he will obtain. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Ahiakwo, M. J (1989). Faculty of Technical and Science Education. Mozambique: River State Ahiakwo, M. J (1992), An investigation into Public Perception and Knowledge of Science. Mozambique: River State Ahiakwo, M. J (1995), Cognitive Study and Students. Mozambique: River State. Ahiakwo, M. J (2000), An investigation into Public Perception and Knowledge of Science. Mozambique: River State Anderson, B (1990), Pupils Conceptions of Matter and its Transformations Studies in education Science. Bajah, B (1988), African Science in School Curriculum. New Jersey: African World Press. Basalla, G (1976), The Persistence Stereotype: Childs Image. London: Virago Ltd APENEX EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRES This questionnaire consists of five sections as shown below: SECTION AYES/NO SECTION BMULTPLE CHOICE SECTION CSHORT ANSWER SECTION D TRUE AND FALSE Please answer all questions as instructed and return the dull filled questionnaire to the researcher. Your contribution will be highly appreciated in the completion of this work. Any information given in this paper will be treated as confidential and will not be revealed anywhere. Do not write your name please. SECTION A Part 1 Write YES/NO to the following questions. . Basic Mathematic performance is affected by traditional values 2. Low motivation of teachers lead to poor performance is science discipline 3. Lack facilitates lead to poor performance on basic mathematics PART II Multiple choices 1. Performance in Basic mathematics subject is affected by a. Parent teachers and students b. Facilities 2. Poor performance in Basic mathematics affects a. Historical background b. Scientific and technological matter 3. Poor performance have bee n a problem mostly in . Science disciplines b. Basic mathematics PART III 1. List at least any four factors leading to poor performance is basic mathematics subjects a) _______________________ b) _______________________ c) _______________________ d) _______________________ PART IV Write a word TRUE or FALSE to the following statements given 3. 8. Mathematic is an art subject. 3. 9. Majority of the student are not serious in mathematic subject. 3. 10. In Kimala secondary school there are many mathematic books in the library 3. 1. The change of the curriculum caused poor performance in mathematic subject at Kimala secondary school. 3. 12. Many students failed in mathematic subject because of the lack of mathematics teacher. TIME TABLE MONTH| ACTIVITIES| TIME SCHEDULE| REMARKS COMPLETED| Feb 28| Surveying of school | 10:00 am – 01:00 pm| | March 2| To bring letter to authority | 08:00 am – 10:00 pm| | March 11| Researching day (Data collection) | 08:00 am – 12:00 N oon| | March 12| Compelling data | 07:00 pm – 1o:00 pm| | March 18 | Data analysis | 03:00pm – 07: 00 pm | | March 27| Data presentation | 03:00 pm – 07: 00 pm| | April | To write report | 08:00 am – 10:00 am | | April 15| Submission of report to authority| 10:00 am – 11:00 am| | BUDGET S/NO| ACTIVITY| REQUIREMENT| AMOUNT| 1| My income| . | Nil| 2| Transport| petrol| 97000| 3| Stationary charge| Tipying,pen,ruler| 50000| 4| Meals/accommodation| Food charge, lodge| 30000| 5| miscellanies| Caution money| 15000| 6| Assistance| Salary| 20000| TOTAL 212000 How to cite Reasearch Proposal, Papers

Leadership Styles on Organizational Performance

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Styles on Organizational Performance. Answer: Introduction Organizations represent a unified system of functions, processes and resources. For any system to work it requires good performance which originates from effective leadership. An effective leader is one who employs different styles and techniques to motivate and inspire employees (Liang Chi, 2013). Studies report that an organization will be successful if employees are satisfied and committed to work. Productivity and profitability will occur among motivated and inspired employees. Any good leader is expected promote innovation, creativity and unity among the employees that will be made possible with an effective leadership style (Abbasi Zamani-Miandashti, 2013). There are different leadership styles and approaches available for managers to utilize they include autocratic, democratic, free for all both methods will differ in context and usage. The business environment is dynamic as a result business is facing challenges of managed workforce diversity, technology changes, intensive competition, and globalization. To ensure the challenges are mitigated and performance improved leadership is needed to support managerial work (Arham, 2014). A good manager will need to take leadership role to propel the organization to greater performance. Although performance is not depended on one or two individuals efforts, it is important for organizations to consider personal contributions to success. Managers need to employ work dynamism in order to be able to lead effectively and efficiently. Organizations have argued that performance is a collective effort of all employees towards targeted goals. Employees are expected to work in unison towards organization goals subordinating their own interest. That has seen majority of organizations implementing policies to ensure that team effort is taken in consideration in work performance. A leader is needed to be present to ensure organizational goals are linked with resources for unity of direction to be achieved. An effective leader provides a guide, commitment and inspiration that other employees will follow and model from. Good performance in organization is modeled upon having leaders with clear visions and missions to spearhead their organizations (Ejere Abasilim, 2013). Statement of the problem There are several measures of performance which makes it difficult to link with leadership. Many of the employees in organizations seek to understand the mind of leaders to improve their performance. That makes it difficult to directly identify means in which a leader can inspire employees to work efficiently and effectively to improve productivity in organizations. There are two forms of leader behavior approaches that can be used to manage organizations this include employee centered and job centered approaches. Managers are faced with dilemma to identify the most suitable approach to employ (Davis, 2014). In cases where managers use job centered leader approach the focus on employees work, procedures in order to improve performance. But the approach my bring discouragement and lack of motivation among employees. When managers decide to use employee centered behavior the focus is on developing a cohesive group structure that ensures group achievements and performance (Liang Chi, 2013). The drawback of the approach it may lead to demotivation among employees because it does not recognize individual performance. Although several research link leadership with organization performance there is no clear way that explains how a leader should do to achieve good performance. Also different styles employed by leaders interchangeably contribute differently to performance. It is from these arguments that the study will be seeking to find out how leadership impacts organizational performance (Liang Chi, 2013). Aim and objectives of study The purpose of the study will be to seek to establish the impact originating from leadership on organizational performance. Leadership dynamics can contribute to different organization performance which the study will try to establish. The study will be guided by the following objectives: 1.To establish in which ways does a leader influence organization performance 2.To identify how leadership can impact organizational performance Significance of the study The findings of the study will be useful to organization management, scholars, and policy makers. The policy makers will be able to use the findings to come up with policies that cover leadership and organization performance. Scholars and other researchers may use the findings as additional knowledge and framework for further studies. Methodology of the study Literature review: An in-depth review of theoretical and empirical sources of data from books, peer journals, and other credible secondary data will be done. The literature review will be done to explain the key variable of the study (leadership and organizational performance), and how they relate to each other. Research design: the study will employ mixed methods of explanatory and descriptive survey type of designs. Explanatory type of design involves searching for leading information on the relevant topic in order to obtain meaning from it. Descriptive survey type of design provides a detail explanation of the variables of the study through surveys (Flick, 2015). Data instruments and collections: A desktop survey method and survey method will be used to collect data. Data will be obtained from secondary sources which include; books, peer review journals, magazines, company newsletters, written testimonials (Flick, 2015). After the data related to the theme of the study has been collected, a panel of expert will be formulated to help in scrutinizing and identification of relevant data (Fink, 2016). That will ensure that data chosen meets content validity and is reliable for the study. Survey in form of open forums and interviews targeting leaders will be used. Key indicators of performance: According to the National council of statistics and economic studies organization performance can be measured based on the following indicators: productivity, growth and profitability. Leadership involves a process of motivation, inspiration, and guiding employees towards targeted goals Data analysis: It will involve two methods qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis will be seeking opinions and ideas from various leaders through open interviews, open forums, and online surveys (Fink, 2016). Quantitative analysis will involve analyzing data descriptively using statistics like frequency, mean, percentage. Finally a report will be documented presenting findings in a form of charts graphs, and frequency table. References Abbasi, E., Zamani-Miandashti, N. (2013). The role of transformational leadership, organizational culture and organizational learning in improving the performance of Iranian agricultural faculties. Higher Education, 66(4), 505-519. Retrieved on 2/04/2017 from https://www.jstor.org/stable/43648504 Arham, A. F. (2014). Leadership and performance: The case of Malaysian SMEs in the services sector. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 4(3), 343-355. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?client=firefox-bum=1ie=UTF-8lrcites=13348858041765094468 Davis, L. (2014). Managers' leadership behaviors, employees' job satisfaction, and turnover within the federal government (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University). https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10hl=enas_sdt=0,5sciodt=0,5cites=13348858041765094468scipsc= Ejere, E. I., Abasilim, U. D. (2013). Impact of transactional and transformational leadership styles on organizational performance: empirical evidence from Nigeria. The Journal of Commerce, 5(1), 30-41. Retrieved on 3/4/2017 from: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?client=firefox-bum=1ie=UTF-8lrcites=13348858041765094468 Fink, A (2016). How to conduct surveys: A step by step: Beverly Hills. CA: Sage Flick. U. (2015). Introducing research methodology: A beginners guide to doing research project. New York, United States: Sage. Liang, S., Chi, S. (2013). Transformational Leadership and Follower Task Performance: The Role of Susceptibility to Positive Emotions and Follower Positive Emotions. Journal of Business and Psychology, 28(1), 17-29. Retrieved on 2/4/2017 from https://www.jstor.org/stable/43285224 Y?ld?z, S., Ba?trk, F., Boaz, ?. T. (2014). The effect of leadership and innovativeness on business performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 785-793. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?client=firefox-bum=1ie=UTF-8lrcites=1334885804176509446